The sources of laser Doppler blood-flow signals recorded from human teeth

Abstract

Records of pulpal blood flow obtained from human teeth with a laser Doppler flowmeter include a very large component derived from periodontal and other tissues outside the pulp, but this contamination can be reduced by covering the surrounding tissues with opaque rubber dam. The present experiments were carried out to determine what proportion of the signal obtained with this dam in place is derived from non-pulpal tissues. Recordings were made from 22 healthy, intact upper incisors in 14 individuals (aged 22–40 years) with and without dam under the following conditions: from the intact teeth, after local anaesthesia (LA) and the preparation of a deep cavity in the incisal third of the labial surface of the tooth, and after removal of the pulp and arrest of bleeding. In some cases, a reading was also made after replacing the pulp in the pulp cavity. The rubber dam reduced significantly ( P<0.05) the mean blood flow reading from the intact teeth by 73%, from 6.98 arbitrary perfusion units (PU) (±1.30 S.D., n=22) to 1.92±1.50 PU. After LA and cavity preparation, the mean signal with dam was 1.45±0.61 PU ( n=16). This fell significantly by 76% to 0.35±0.19 PU ( n=16) when the pulp was removed but not replaced, and by 43% to 0.98±0.36 PU ( n=14) when the pulp was removed and replaced in the pulp cavity. The latter condition is thought to reproduce most closely the scattering of light in an intact tooth. The results confirm previous findings that up to 80% of the laser Doppler blood-flow signal recorded from an intact human tooth without rubber dam is of non-pulpal origin. They also show that only approximately 43% of the signal recorded with an opaque rubber dam is from pulp.