Abstract
Massive biomass waste with lignocellulose components can be used to produce biochar for environmental remediation. However, the impact of lignocellulose pyrolysis on biochar structure in relation to the sorption mechanism of ionizable antibiotics is still poorly understood. In this paper, diverse techniques including thermogravimetric analysis and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance were applied to investigate the properties of biochars as affected by the pyrolysis of cellulose and lignin in feedstock. Cellulose-derived biochars possessed more abundant groups than lignin-derived biochars, suggesting the greater preservation of group for cellulose during the carbonization. Higher sorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was also observed by cellulose-derived biochars owing to hydrogen bond interaction. Sorption affinity gradually declined with the conversion aliphatic to aromatic carbon, whereas the enhanced specific surface area (SSA) subsequently promoted SMX sorption as evidenced by increased SSA-N2 and SSA-CO2 from 350 to 450 °C. The decreased Kd/SSA-N2 values with increasing pH values implied a distinct reduction in sorption per unit area, which could be attributed to enhanced electrostatic repulsion. This work elucidated the role of carbon phases from thermal conversion of lignocellulose on the sorption performance for sulfonamide antibiotics, which will be helpful to the structural design of carbonaceous adsorbents for the removal of ionizable antibiotics.
Highlights
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralBiochar is one of the solid carbon-rich products prepared by pyrolysis of biological wastes [1], which has attracted keen interest in its application in environmental remediation including soil fertility and contaminant control [2]
The results indicate that the feedstocks with high CE appear to be conducive to the preservation of functional groups of biochars during the pyrolysis
This research focused on the evolution of carbon phases through the pyrolysis of lignocellulose components
Summary
Biochar is one of the solid carbon-rich products prepared by pyrolysis of biological wastes [1], which has attracted keen interest in its application in environmental remediation including soil fertility and contaminant control [2]. Biochar is prepared in a limited-oxygen atmosphere below the pyrolysis temperature of 800 ◦ C [4]. The preparation techniques of biochar involve slow and fast pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, gasification, and microwave irradiation [3,5]. Slow pyrolysis is widely applied for biochar production on a large scale [6]. The pyrolysis techniques and feedstock constituents are regarded as the major factors controlling structure and property of biochars [5]
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