Abstract
Industrial applications of the Doppler principle to flow measurement have recently increased in acceptance. Reasonably accurate measurements have been limited to turbulent flow conditions. In the Argonne Doppler flowmeter, as in most commercial units, ultrasonic energy (either in cw or tone burst form) is transmitted at an angle through the pipe wall, and sound backscattered from particles or bubbles, is detected by a second transducer. The Doppler frequency difference between received and transmitted signal is obtained by subtraction. This is a noise of finite bandwidth. For turbulent flow the bandwidth is small enough to permit simple techniques such as counting or frequency to voltage conversion to serve as the Doppler shift indicator with a scale factor close to unity. For laminar flow, a band limited fiat Doppler spectrum is predicted and observed, with the cutoff frequency at twice the predicted Doppler shift. Measurement of such a spectrum is automated with servo controlled adjustable filters. This...
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