Abstract
At present the neurological basis of sentience is poorly understood and this problem is exacerbated by only a partial knowledge of how one of the primary elements of sentience, the action potential, actually works. This has consequences for our understanding of how communication within the brain and in artificial brain neural networks (BNNs). Reverse engineering models of brain activity assume processing works like a conventional binary computer and neglects speed of cognition, latencies, error in nerve conduction and the true dynamic structure of neural networks in the brain. Any model of nerve conduction that claims inspiration from nature must include these prerequisite parameters, but current western computer modeling of artificial BNNs assumes that the action potential is binary and binary mathematics has been assumed by force of popular acceptance to mediate computation in the brain. Here we present evidence that the action potential is a temporal compound ternary structure, described as the computational action potential (CAP). The CAP contains the refractory period, an analog third phase capable of phase-ternary computation via colliding action potentials. This would best fit a realistic BNN and provides a plausible mechanism to explain transmission, in preference to Cable Theory. The action potential pulse (APPulse), is made up of the action potential combined with a coupled synchronized soliton pressure pulse in the cell membrane. We describe a model of an ion channel in a membrane where a soliton deforms the channel sufficiently to destroy the electrostatic insulation thereby instigating a mechanical contraction across the membrane by electrostatic forces. Such a contraction has the effect of redistributing the force lengthways thereby increasing the volume of the ion channel in the membrane. Na ions, once attracted to the interior, balance the forces and the channel reforms to its original shape. A refractory period then occurs until the Na ions diffuse from the adjacent interior space. Finally, a computational model of the action potential (the CAP) is proposed with single action potentials significantly including the refractory period as a computational element capable of computation between colliding action potentials.
Highlights
Sentience may be thought of as the highest ability to perceive events in the context of previous or future events, resulting in conscious non-reflex behavioral modification(s) and is dependent on self-awareness
The action potential pulse (APPulse), is made up of the action potential combined with a coupled synchronized soliton pressure pulse in the cell membrane
We describe a model of an ion channel in a membrane where a soliton deforms the channel sufficiently to destroy the electrostatic insulation thereby instigating a mechanical contraction across the membrane by electrostatic forces
Summary
Sentience may be thought of as the highest ability to perceive events in the context of previous or future events, resulting in conscious non-reflex behavioral modification(s) and is dependent on self-awareness. The timing of the charging and the speed of propagation is defined by Cable Theory It was assumed in 1952 that excitable membranes contained sufficient ion channels close enough together that the spread of charge from one channel could affect another. The discovery of the nature of the action potential, which is used to signal over distance, was critical to the development of modern neurophysiology It has been modeled as a binary event in computational brain networks (Johnson and Winlow, 2017b). The CAP contains the refractory period, an analog third phase capable of phase-ternary computation via colliding action potentials This would best fit a realistic BNN and provides a plausible mechanism to explain transmission, in preference to Cable Theory. A computational model of the action potential (the CAP) is proposed with single action potentials significantly including the refractory period as a computational element and capable of computation between colliding action potentials
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