Abstract
Recent observations using IPS mapping do not support the popular theory that large-scale transients associated with interplanetary shocks are caused by solar flares. Back-projection to the Sun has shown that the transients are caused by intermittent blasts of high-speed solar wind generated by coronal holes. A prime example of supposedly flare-generated phenomena occurred during 2–9 August 1972 when there were outstanding geomagnetic storms and particle events. A reassessment of the evidence, including hitherto unpublished IPS data, now points strongly towards a large equatorial coronal hole as the real source of the disturbances. The coronal hole was correctly positioned on the disc and was the only significant low-latitude hole to have occurred for several weeks before and after the events. When flareassociations for the shocks are abandoned there is no need to assume an excessive speed for one shock.
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