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Abstract
Biological control agents (BCAs) are considered as one of the most important strategies for controlling Fusarium wilt, and bioorganic fertilizer, in particular, has been extensively investigated. However, little is known regarding how a biocontrol microorganism affects the suppression mechanisms when combined with different amendments. In this study, a pot experiment was performed using banana plants to investigate the different mechanisms by which the biocontrol bacterium Bacillus velezensis HN03 (isolated from our laboratory) and amendments suppress Fusarium wilt. The incidence of banana wilt was decreased under HN03 and was reduced further when HN03 was combined with compost, particularly wormcast. In the suppression of Fusarium wilt, HN03 was found to influence the soil environment in various ways. HN03 increased the peroxidase level, which improves plant defense, and was highest when combined with wormcast, being 69 times higher than when combined with cow dung compost. The high accumulation of Mg and P in the “HN03 + wormcast” and Zn and Mn in the “HN03 + cow dung” treatments was negatively correlated with disease incidence. Furthermore, HN03 re-established the microbial community destroyed by the pathogen and further increased the level of suppression in the wormcast. HN03 also enhanced the functional traits of the soil, including defensive mechanism-related traits, and these traits were further enhanced by the combination of HN03 + wormcast.
Highlights
Soil-borne pathogens are the causal agents of several plant diseases of global importance and cause substantial economic losses (Ruiz-Romero et al, 2018)
The data showed that B. velezensis subsp. plantarum strain FZB42 had the highest similarity with HN03
We found that the contents of total phosphorus (TP) and TK were higher in the treatments of “S + F + B + EW” and “S + F + EW” than in the other treatments, and available nitrogen (AN) was higher in the treatments with wormcast or cow dung compost
Summary
Soil-borne pathogens are the causal agents of several plant diseases of global importance and cause substantial economic losses (Ruiz-Romero et al, 2018). Biological control agents (BCAs) reduce infections or disease through antibiosis, parasitism, or competition (for space and/or nutrients), induction of plant local/systemic resistance, plant growth promotion, Environments Determines the Strategy of Bacillus or changes in soil/plant microbiota (Bubici et al, 2019). Several antagonistic bacteria, such as Bacillus, Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, non-pathogenic Fusarium, and Penicillium strains, have been evaluated as possible means of controlling Fusarium wilt of banana (Raza et al, 2017); no single biological product can be recommended for widespread use to control this disease (Dita et al, 2018). The manipulation of compost by inoculation or enrichment with specific antagonists to produce bio-organic fertilizer is believed to be a more efficient means of controlling soil-borne disease than the use of a single antagonistic microbe or compost type (Shen et al, 2013)
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