The Sociology of International Economic Law: Sociological Analysis of the Regulation of Regional Agreements in the World Trading System

Abstract

International economic law (IEL) is infl uenced by diverse theoretical approaches. This art - icle emphasizes that international economic activity is a social phenomenon and international trade should also be conceived as a specifi c type of social interaction. The scarcity of sociological analysis in contemporary IEL literature does not diminish the infl uence of social factors that are active in the under-explored layer of the international economic arena. Sociological analy- sis may recast well-known dilemmas in a different manner and generate insights regarding better legal mechanisms for coping with modern challenges faced by IEL. These properties of sociological analysis are illustrated in this article, which addresses one of the most challenging dilemmas in current IEL literature: the relationship between the World Trade Organization (WTO) and regional trade agreements (RTAs). The underlying argument of this article is that the economic dimension of RTAs is overlaid with a sociological dimension. Consequently, the global/regional debate is analysed with new conceptual tools: sociological theories, mainly the structural-functional perspective, the symbolic-interactionist approach, and the social confl ict perspective. The core sociological theories lead to different conceptions of IEL and different interpretations of existing WTO legal provisions regarding RTAs. This article argues that while each of the above sociological approaches underscores certain signifi cant aspects of the global/regional debate, the symbolic-interactionist perspective should generally serve as a point of departure for law- and policy-making in this sphere. This approach suggests that the relevant WTO legal rules should be interpreted in a liberal manner.