The Socio-Economic Burden of Autism Spectrum Disorders: a Review of the Literature

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) poses complex challenges, involving social, communication and behavioural intricacies, with its rising worldwide prevalence. In Kazakhstan, Soviet classifications have a lasting impact on the identification and care processes for ASD, creating distinctive barriers. ASD's socio-economic impact is far-reaching, affecting education, employment and the overall welfare of families. These obstacles are substantial owing to the rising number of diagnoses, the lack of a cure, and the extended social and medical aid that results in high economic costs. The significant variation in expenses per person with ASD worldwide underscores the necessity for precise and comprehensive approaches to combat the economic repercussions on individuals, families, and society. This study analyses the socio-economic costs associated with ASD on a global scale, focusing on regional disparities and advocating for targeted aid measures. There is an urgent need for research in Kazakhstan to investigate medical, non-medical, and indirect expenses to inform tailored policies and support programmes aimed at enhancing the quality of life for families of children with ASD. Their aim is to tackle the intricate challenges that these families face in healthcare, education, and social integration domains.