THE SOCIAL SITUATION OF THE MAGHREB COUNTRIES IN MODERN TIMES DURING THE 18TH-19TH CENTURIES. ALGERIA AS A MODEL

Abstract

During modern times, the Maghreb countries from Tripoli to the atlantic front witnessed patterns of government and close economic, social and cultural conditions, while Europe experienced a period of decisive economic and social transformations in the age of enlightenment, then the industrial revolution, and the colonial movement to dominate underdeveloped countries. At the beginning of modern times, the Maghreb countries knew the imminent danger from the european naval powers that controlled the maritime outposts on the coast of the western basin of the Mediterranean. Taking advantage of the political and military weakness of the Maghreb countries. The european foreign threat, especially the Spanish one, has been perched on the Maghreb coastal cities for more than three centuries, but with the emergence of the ottoman power in the western basin of the mediterranean, which began to intensify efforts to mobilize local energies in order to remove the imminent danger, it was able to ward off the spanish advance and eliminate some of its sites one after another, the last of which was the liberated cities of Oran in 1792 AD. Research Objectives : This research paper aims to shed light on the social situation of the Maghreb countries during modern times and the interaction of the local population with new arrivals from different countries of the world, and then highlight the extent to which the local population suffered from the pandemics that the mediterranean region was experiencing at that time, as well as the foreign invasion, all of which were factors that converged against the local population