The Social Sciences Research Methodology Framework and Its Application during COVID-19

Abstract

Research is key in the quest to enhance Africa’s development and to try to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Most research practice constructs in social sciences are predominantly well defined and constructed, but the research problem that is focused on with this study is that many authors hold different interpretations of certain key terms and concepts, causing a degree of confusion, overlap and uncertainty. The term ‘qualitative research’ is such a case in point. Not only does this concept show different interpretations by many authors, but there is also uncertainty about how this concept relates to exploratory research or other contemporary social research practice concepts. It is also unclear whether a longitudinal time horizon can be applied to qualitative research or related concepts. In order to provide a clear perspective on the above-mentioned dilemma, the authors recommend the application of the so-called social sciences research methodology framework, which follows Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill’s research ‘onion’ approach. In addition, the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) necessitates thoughtful selection of data collection techniques and research methods. Therefore, and with the proposed framework as guide, the appropriate data collection techniques and research methods to be used during the pandemic are highlighted. The research employed was fundamental in nature. Inductive rational philosophical reasoning was used, and a theoretical analysis was applied through a systematic literature review of published text. In the end, the social sciences research methodology framework provides a unified understanding of most social sciences research constructs. This proposed framework provides an uncluttered and unambiguous guide to social sciences research methodology with relevant social sciences methodologies and constructs clearly positioned in a structured and simplistic way. The social sciences research methodology framework could be used as a tool in the evaluation of all academic work, thereby enabling various examiners to provide clear and unambiguous guidance to contributors and students alike. Also, the framework can be used as a guide to select appropriate data collection techniques and research methods to conduct research during COVID-19.