The Social Control of Emotions in the Development of Therapy Relations

Abstract

A study of therapy relations demonstrates how emotions are shaped by the more powerful member, the therapist. Emotional expressions are encouraged and regulated by the therapist in such a way that they support the nascent commitment structure. The targets of emotional expression shift as the therapeutic relationship takes shape until, in the final stage, they construct a shared sentiment regarding the relationship itself. This analysis identifies emotions as more than an indicator of power in a relationship, but as a tool in the development of power and commitment. Of all social relationships, perhaps none delves deeper in human emotions than that of therapist and client. Nowhere else in life is one invited, even expected, to bare innermost secrets, feelings, fears, and impulses with such candor. Such intimacy eventually evokes in the therapist and client strong feelings for one another and engenders a commitment to similar future exchanges. The emotional transactions in therapy occur asymmetrically. In a typical therapy session, emotions are expressed by the client, while the therapist arouses the client's deeper feelings and appreciates the expression of them. The client's feelings become the target of conversation as the therapist remains emotionally neutral. While it has been commonly observed that therapists manage their feelings toward clients, little attention has been given to how therapists manage the feelings of clients and the importance of such emotion management. This article will examine the use and structure of emotion in the construction of a therapeutic relationship, and the therapist's control over this process. Usually during the first therapy session a therapist and client construct a mutual understanding of the nature of their relationship, the goals of that relationship, and a commitment to continue the relationship. In therapy, emotive exchanges are frequent and are highly regulated by the therapist. Under the therapist's control emotions become a tool for constructing commitment. A failure to elicit and shape the proper emotions can