Abstract
A successful distribution network can continue to operate despite the uncertainties at the charging station, with appropriate equipment retrofits and upgrades. However, these new investments in the grid can become complex in terms of time and space. In this paper, we propose a dynamic charge coordination (DCC) method based on the battery state of charge (SOC) of electric vehicles (EVs) in line with this purpose. The collective uncoordinated charging profiles of EVs charged at maximum power were investigated based on statistical data for distances of EVs and a real dataset for charging characteristics in the existing grid infrastructure. The proposed strategy was investigated using the modified Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) performed by DIgSILENT Powerfactory simulation software for a total 50 EVs in 30 different models. Then, the load balancing situations were analyzed with the integration of the photovoltaic (PV) generation and battery energy storage system (BESS) into the bus bars where the EVs were fed into the grid. According to the simulation results, the proposed method dramatically reduces the effects on the grid compared to the uncoordinated charging method. Furthermore, the integration of PV and BESS system, load balancing for EVs was successfully achieved with the proposed approach.
Highlights
Governments around the world support with various low taxes and incentives to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) users to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the energy and transportation systems
A photovoltaic system and battery energy storage system were included in the TLP21 coordinated and TLP22 uncoordinated charging busbars where EVs are located in the test system
While the PV system operates in a way that can charge battery energy storage system (BESS) or EVs during the day according to the load situation in the grid, BESS operates in a way that can dynamically take charge and discharge decisions according to the status of the EVs or base load in the grid
Summary
Governments around the world support with various low taxes and incentives to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) users to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the energy and transportation systems. PEV can be defined as flexible loads that are charged at different times and different places. These vehicles are charged by a normal charging rate in residential, business and shopping mall parking lots, while PEVs are fed with a fast charging rate at a public charging station for reduced standby time. Investors installing charging stations or providing electricity distribution services create short-term and long-term infrastructure development planning using an estimate of the change in the bulk charging profile of EVs over time. The charging demand of electric vehicles in the operation of the distribution grid in a region is seen as a potential risk, as it shows a time-varying load profile.
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