The SNO+ experiment

J Paton,N Barros,T Kaptanoglu,S Grullon,M Luo,J Dittmer,P Larochelle,C Miller,C Lan,V Lozza,B Liggins,X Liu,M Chen,E Guillian,J Wang,K Singh,E Blucher,B Davis-Purcell,K Kamdin,S Nae,A.B Mcdonald,B Tam,E Turner,Z Barnard,R Ford,S Manecki,M Strait,C Darrach,T Zhang,B Krar,M Hedayatipour,F Di Lodovico,S Maguire,A Doxtator,D Braid,S Hall,B Morissette,B.C Robertson,E Marzec,Y Liu,A Zummo,S Hans,S Andringa,R Rosero,A Latorre,J Wallig,M Walker,M Seddighin,I Morton-Blake,F Shaker,O Li,R Bayes,S Stankiewicz,J Waterfield,M Ward,C Grant,Y Zhang,J Heise,D Chauhan,J Petzoldt,G Berardi,A Mastbaum,J Lidgard,S Langrock,C Beaudoin,O Chkvorets,R Bonventre,R Stainforth,J Carvalho,D Pracsovics,E Arushanova,B Hodak,O Wasalski,Z Petriw,T Shantz,V Fischer,L Pickard,I Semenec,N Fatemighomi,I Lawson,J Tseng,K Labe,S Seibert,S Tacchino,E Caden,A Li,A Maio,K Graham,K Frankiewicz,D Gooding,I Lam,G Prior,F Barão,L Kippenbrock,M Askins,M Yeh,J Maneira,A Wright,M Hodak,S Riccetto,P Khaghani,C Tanguay,F Descamps,P Skensved,L Lebanowski,L Sibley,D Fabris,N Mccauley,K Gilje,B Von Krosigk,J Tatar,R Knapik,P Woosaree,A Stripay,S Asahi,V Albanese,J Gauthier,N Duhaime,D Cookman,R Svoboda,M St-Amant,B Hreljac,I Ritchie,C Kraus,R Richardson,J Kofron,N Tolich,T Pershing,J Caravaca,A Farrugia,A Reichold,S Larose,E Mony,C Felber,T Kroupová,P Liimatainen,M Smiley,C Mills,N Gagnon,R Van Berg,C Deluce,D Hallman,P Gorel,S Back,R Lane,M Meyer,J Rumleskie,J Rose,A Gibson-Foster,F Lafleur,J Hartnell,E Falk,M Nirkko,Tsutomu Iida ,G Lefeuvre ,P Jones ,D Ścisłowski ,T M Shokair ,Mantle Hood ,Michal Mlejnek ,A I Robertson ,M G Boulay ,M A Schumaker ,A Earle ,I T Coulter ,O I González-Reina ,Jan J Weigand ,C Kéfélian ,S C Walton ,J A Secrest ,C J Virtue ,J P Yañez ,R D Martin ,A L Hallin ,R L Helmer ,K Majumdar ,S D Biller ,L L Kormos ,B J Land ,W J Heintzelman ,R White ,E Vázquez‐Jáuregui ,D J Auty ,M Yu Rigan ,E W Beier ,L J Nolan ,Sarah Quirk ,Ankit Gaur ,F A Duncan ,G D Orebi Gann ,J E Grove ,C Jillings ,A Sörensen ,P M Rost ,A Back ,Mark R Anderson ,Jun Hu ,Cliff J Connors ,Lichao Tian ,John M Walker ,David Cressy ,E J Leming ,K Clark ,Xiongxin Dai ,M J Parnell ,A G Mathewson ,Jack Dunger ,J Kašpar ,J Sinclair ,Κ Zuber ,J Klein ,M H Schwendener ,M Stringer ,A Białek ,Simon Korte ,P J Harvey ,D.f Horne ,Luciano Anselmo ,Rui Alves ,T J Sonley ,K W Mcfarlane ,H M O’keeffe ,D T Bartlett ,N A Jelley ,M A Cox ,В М Новіков ,M Mottram ,K J Keeter ,C L Jones ,H Wan Chan Tseung ,S.f.j Read ,Safeer Hussain ,J G C Veinot ,J C Prouty ,M M Depatie ,T Winchester ,J R Wilson ,L Seguí ,B T Cleveland ,Luca Cavalli ,T C Zhao ,C M Jackson ,Manoj Kumar Sharma ,E J Callaghan ,Pawel Mekarski ,A S Inácio ,Erin O’sullivan ,C B Krauss ,S J M Peeters ,A J Barr ,E.r Fletcher ,Yen Hsun Lin

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/08/p08059

Abstract

The SNO+ experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. A low background search for neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay will be conducted using 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded with 3.9 tonnes of natural tellurium, corresponding to 1.3 tonnes of 130Te. This paper provides a general overview of the SNO+ experiment, including detector design, construction of process plants, commissioning efforts, electronics upgrades, data acquisition systems, and calibration techniques. The SNO+ collaboration is reusing the acrylic vessel, PMT array, and electronics of the SNO detector, having made a number of experimental upgrades and essential adaptations for use with the liquid scintillator. With low backgrounds and a low energy threshold, the SNO+ collaboration will also pursue a rich physics program beyond the search for 0νββ decay, including studies of geo- and reactor antineutrinos, supernova and solar neutrinos, and exotic physics such as the search for invisible nucleon decay. The SNO+ approach to the search for 0νββ decay is scalable: a future phase with high 130Te-loading is envisioned to probe an effective Majorana mass in the inverted mass ordering region.

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