The Sleep Environment, Napping, and Sleep Outcomes among Urban Children With and Without Asthma

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives Children with asthma living in U.S. urban neighborhoods experience increased risk for asthma morbidity and poor sleep outcomes. In addition to asthma, environmental factors (e.g. noise, uncomfortable temperature, light exposure) related to urban poverty may disturb children’s sleep. This study examined the association between environmental factors and sleep outcomes among urban children with and without asthma, and whether napping underlies the environment-sleep link. Additionally, the study tested whether these associations differed by health status (i.e. asthma) or race/ethnicity. Method Participants included urban children aged 7–9 years with (N = 251) and without (N = 130) asthma from Latino, Black, or non-Latino White (NLW) background. Caregivers reported sleep environmental factors and naps. Sleep duration, efficiency, and nightly awakenings were assessed via actigraphy. Results Regardless of health status, frequent exposure to noise and light was associated with poorer sleep outcomes only among Latino children. In the full sample with and without asthma, noise exposure during nighttime sleep was related to more frequent daytime naps, which were linked to shorter nighttime sleep duration. Conclusions Exposure to noise and light may play a particularly influential role in shaping urban children’s sleep outcomes. Racial/ethnic differences and the potential mediating role of napping in this environment-sleep association may inform tailored interventions.