The skin and its manifestations in the clinical history of children with Down's syndrome

Abstract

Chromosomal disorders are not usually associated with specific alterations of the skin, with Down's syndrome being an exception, because the skin of the newborn with this syndrome is soft, thin and delicate. It subsequently becomes coarser, drier and rougher, and generalised xerosis associated with keratosis pilaris is common. In the case of mucous membranes, macroglossia and scrotal tongue with protrusion and cleft lip are very common features. Premature aging of the skin and photosensitivity are common features in these patients. The following are among the most significant skin disorders: cutis marmorata, xerosis, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, cheilitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, folliculitis, tinea pedis, onychomycosis, crusted scabies (Norwegian scabies), atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, vitiligo, psoriasis (severe form), pityriasis rubra pilaris, syringoma, elastosis perforans serpiginosa and cutis verticis gyrata. The aim of this study was to carry out a review of existing literature on major dermatological processes and their prevalence in the paediatric patient with Down's syndrome.