Abstract
In order to overcome the vulnerability of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the International Maritime Organization (IMO) initiated the ranging mode (R-Mode) of the automatic identification system (AIS) to provide resilient position data. As the existing AIS is a communication system, the number of shore stations as reference stations cannot satisfy positioning requirements. Especially in the area near a shore station, it is very common that a vessel can only receive signals from one shore station, where the traditional positioning method cannot be used. A novel position estimation method using multiple antennas on shipborne equipment is proposed here, which provides a vessel’s position even though the vessel can only receive signals from a single shore station. It is beneficial for solving positioning issues in proximity to the coast. Further, as the distances between different antennas to the shore station are not sufficiently independent, the positioning matrix can easily be near singularity or ill-conditioned; thus, an effective position solving method is derived. Furthermore, the proposed method is verified and evaluated in different scenarios by numerical simulation. We assessed the influencing factors of positioning performance, such as the vessel’s heading angle, the relative position, and the distances between the shore station and the vessel. The proposed method widely expands the application scope of the AIS R-Mode positioning system.
Highlights
The vulnerability of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to both intentional and unintentional jamming and interference is an urgent problem to be solved in the e-Navigation StrategyImplementation Plan (SIP) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) [1,2]
This paper proposes a position estimation method for a single shore station by using multiple antennas on a vessel
The proposed positioning method based on a single shore station in automatic identification system (AIS) ranging mode (R-Mode) uses multiple antennas on aa vessel
Summary
The vulnerability of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to both intentional and unintentional jamming and interference is an urgent problem to be solved in the e-Navigation StrategyImplementation Plan (SIP) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) [1,2]. By reusing the existing AIS infrastructure, the ranging mode (R-Mode) of AIS has been accepted as one of the alternative GNSS backup navigation systems of the future [7]. The resilient position data, which could be supplied by both satellite and terrestrial-based navigation systems, serve as the foundation for the e-Navigation SIP [8,9,10]. AIS shore stations are the most critical components in a coastal AIS network. They can receive signals from shipborne equipment and transmit signals within the coverage area. A vessel can receive signals and derive ranging information to itself from shore stations, and as a consequence, the vessel’s position can be estimated [11,12]
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