Abstract
The aim of our work is to identify the single and combined effect of MC4R and GH polymorphism genes on growth and reproduction traits of pigs. The study was carried out on 204 crossbred F1 females (♀Landrace х ♂Large White) of the Breeding Farm in Russia. The analyzed productive traits were: The number of Days to 100-kg (Days to 100 kg), Length of Body (LB), Backfat Thickness (BF) and Number of piglets Born Alive (NBA). The G1426A of MC4R and G316A of GH polymorphism were determined by PCR-RFLP method. The results showed a significant additive effect of MC4R (G1426A) on all analyzed traits and dominant effect on LB and NBA. With better Days to 100 kg associated genotype AA/MC4R, but the best indicators LB, BF and NBA installed for genotype GG/MC4R. The single effect of GH was determined to BF (dominant effect) and NBA (additive effect). The effect of genotype AG/GH on BF was observed in combination with genotypes of MC4R. In our studies we observed only six combinations of MC4R and GH genes instead of nine theoretically expected. The detected genotypes were following: AA/MC4R - AG/GH, AA/MC4R - GG/GH, AG/MC4R - AA/GH, AG/MC4R - AG/GH, AG/MC4R - GG/GH, GG/MC4R - GG/GH. The combination effect is defined for genotype AA/MC4R with genotypes of GH. The best means for all studied productivity traits were observed for the combination AA/MC4R-AG/GH. The combined effect of genotype AG/MC4R with genotypes of GH was not identified, but it was observed independently influence of MC4R on Days to 100 kg and NBA and GH on BF. The genotype GG/MC4R was detected only in combination with GG/GH genotype, which does not allow evaluating the combination effect of other GH genotypes.
Highlights
The main direction of pig breeding is to provide new genetic knowledge about pig traits and focus on the identification and prediction of individual genes responsible for the reproduction, growth and meat traits (Fan et al, 2012; Yan et al, 2013; Leonova et al, 2015; Mihailov et al, 2014)
Genotype AA/Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) was associated with better Days to 100 kg, but more efficient values of Length of Body (LB), Backfat Thickness (BF) and Number of piglets Born Alive (NBA) were observed in GG/MC4R genotype
It is interesting to note that the effect of AG/Growth Hormone (GH) genotype on BF was determined in combination with genotypes of MC4R
Summary
The main direction of pig breeding is to provide new genetic knowledge about pig traits and focus on the identification and prediction of individual genes responsible for the reproduction, growth and meat traits (Fan et al, 2012; Yan et al, 2013; Leonova et al, 2015; Mihailov et al, 2014). Growth Hormone (GH), known as somatotropin, is synthesized in the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis in somatotropic cells). Its production was found in the hypothalamus, and in other parts of the nervous system and organs in the digestive tract. The GH for a long time been investigated as an anabolic hormone that regulates the metabolism, stimulates growth and overall body weight, promotes tissue regeneration and cell survival (Louveau and Gondret, 2004). Synthesis and secretion of GH is controlled somatoliberin hypothalamic hormones and somatostatin. Somatoliberin stimulates and somatostatin inhibits the secretion of GH, blocking the stimulating effect somatoliberin. A number of researches have showed the existence of an association between the polymorphism of GH gene and productive traits of pigs. There are data about GH gene polymorphism influence on conversion of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license
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