Abstract
There are three main failure modes of ZnO varistors; thermal runaway, puncture and cracking. It is important from the operational point of view for user of ZnO surge arresters to know the fundamental mechanisms of these failure modes. I led many equations on these failures and simulated failure modes. I have been experienced the only failures of cracking which were occurred by lightning strokes operating our power systems. As the result of simulations, I found that this cracking results from that the highest thermal tensile stress is over the tensile strength and the relative expansion becomes longest too when the maximum temperature is shifted and the hole or the melt is occurred by the large lightning stroke current on the ZnO varistor.
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