The significance of the transactivator of transcription-mediated protein transduction technique in brain protection

Abstract

Background Protein transduction domain (PTD),a novel structure for carrying various of macromolecules through the blood-brain barrier (BBB),have been receiving great attention in the recent years.Objective In order to provide a reference for the related fields,we summed up the neuroprotective effects and possible mechanisms of transactivator of transcription (TAT)-mediated protein transduction domain,which is the most extensively studied PTD.Content TAT-mediated protein transduction domain is a special structure of human immunodeficiency virus type Ⅰ (HIV-1).Up to now,it has been fused with erythropoietin (EPO),glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF),Nogo Extracellular Peptide 1-40 (NEP1-40) and Bcl-xL.These fusion proteins could not only pass through the BBB,but also offer neuroprotection for alleviating cerebral ischemia injury with reduced side effects.Most of all,TAT-NR2B9c,a fusion protein of TAT and synapses dense protein-95 (PSD-95),has been proved to be efficient for reducing cerebral infarction by inhibiting neurotoxicity not only in experimental animal,but also in the phase Ⅱ clinical trial.Trend TAT-mediated protein transduction technique may offer new perspectives for future strategies in stroke therapy. Key words: Protein transduction domain; Transactivator of transcription; Fusion Protein; Neuroprotection