Abstract
Rawls is one of the most important philosophers in American and Western thought in the 20th century. His main theoretical contributions are the reappropriation of the social contract and natural law doctrines in political philosophy, a comprehensive exposition of his basic theory of "justice as fairness," and a profound and comprehensive criticism of utilitarianism. The two principles of justice that he repeatedly discusses highlight the basic equality that citizens should enjoy in a well-ordered society and their theoretical implications, while at the same time providing unique theoretical criteria on how to deal with economic and social differences, and making a rather innovative argument for the ethical basis of the theory of justice.
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