The significance of meibomian gland changes in asymptomatic children

Abstract

PurposeTo evaluate meibomian gland morphology and function in children without ocular discomfort. MethodA total of 266 eyes of 266 children without signs or symptoms of ocular surface dysfunction were enrolled. Morphology of meibomian glands (MG) and non-invasive break-up time (BUT) was assessed by noncontact meibography. Based on lipid layer thickness (LLT) of the tear film measurements, 66 children were chosen to be assessed by meibomian glands yielding liquid secretion (MGYLS). ResultsBased on the presence of physiologic conjunctival follicles (PCF), participants were divided into normal or PCF groups. The distortion and deficiency of MG function was significantly higher in PCF group (P = 0.002, 0.007, respectively). Five different gland duct shapes (vertical, tortuous, overriding, hooked, U-shaped) were observed. MG deficiency was positively correlated with age (R = 0.362, P < 0.001). Distortion and the number of MG showed no correlation with age (P > 0.05). However, distortion and deficiency of MG were negatively correlated with LLT (P < 0.001, P < 0.01). ConclusionChildren with PCF had significantly more MG distortion and deficiency which was associated with LLT. These results prompt future studies to determine if changes in MG morphology are congenital or acquired.