Abstract

AbstractThanks to its versatility, electrospinning is a method often used to produce polymer fibers for bioengineering, water, and energy harvesting applications. The change of a single process parameter in electrospinning provides a tremendous opportunity to modify the properties of the materials produced without any additional post‐treatment. One of these is the voltage and electrical polarity applied to the nozzle. The alternating polarity, between positive and negative, causes a change in the types of charges accumulated on the polymer jet. Consequently, the produced fibers show different molecule configurations on the surface, resulting in changes in surface chemistry while tailoring their properties to fit various application needs. This review explains polymer chain reorientation phenomena caused by electrical polarity in electrospinning. Furthermore, the electrical polarity effect on the surface and the mechanical properties of electrospun fibers, and the methods to investigate it is demonstrated. Finally, this review illustrates the significance of electrical polarity in electrospinning as a nanoscale approach to enhance fiber surface properties and their applicability.

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