The SH-SY5Y Human Cell Line: Hawthorne Berry (Crataegus spp.) Protects against 6-OHDA Induced Neurotoxicity In Vitro Model of Parkinson's Disease

Abstract

Aim: We purposed to study the neuroprotective effects of Hawthorn berry (crataegus spp.) extract, which is familiar to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features, opposite the neurotoxicity led to by 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells. Method: SH-SY5Y cells were treated with Hawthorn berry (25-50-75 and 100 μg/mL) for two hours ago 6-OHDA administration. Cells were exposed to 200 µM 6-OHDA for 24 hours to mimic the in vitro Parkinson's disease model. After one day, cell viability was measured by lactate dehydrogenase and 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis. Oxidative stress was evaluated with tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, and malondialdehyde assays. Results: It was found that the viability rate of Hawthorn berry increased depending on the concentration and the cell viability was 94% at the highest concentration (p<0.001). Also, 6-OHDA raised lactate dehydrogenase leakage in SH-SY5Y cells (p<0.001). While 6-OHDA exacerbated oxidative stress by enhancing tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, myeloperoxidase, and malondialdehyde (p<0.001), pretreatment with Hawthorn berry alleviated these toxic effects of 6-OHDA through antioxidant capacity by increasing glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione (p<0.05), (p<0.001). In line with all findings, Hawthorn berry attenuated neuronal cell demise in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Considering its neuroprotective role as well as its effects on oxidative stress, Hawthorn berry could be a potential natural bio-medicine to prevent the development of Parkinson's disease.