Abstract
Kloeckera apiculata plays an important role in the inhibition of citrus postharvest blue and green mould diseases. This study was based on the previous genome sequencing of K. apiculata strain 34-9. After homologous comparison, scaffold 27 was defined as the mitochondrial (mt) sequence of K. apiculata 34-9. The comparison showed a high level of sequence identity between scaffold 27 and the known mtDNA of Hanseniaspora uvarum. The genome sequence of H. vineae T02/19AF showed several short and discontinuous fragments homologous to the mtDNA of H. uvarum. The shared and specific genes of K. apiculata, H. uvarum, and H. vineae were analysed by family using the TreeFam methodology. GO analysis was used to classify the shared and specific genes. Most of the gene families were classified into the functional categories of cellular component and metabolic processes. The whole-genome phylogram and genome synteny analysis showed that K. apiculata was more closely related to H. uvarum than to H. vineae. The genomic comparisons clearly displayed the locations of the homologous regions in each genome. This analysis could contribute to discovering the genomic similarities and differences within the genus Hanseniaspora. In addition, some regions were not collinearity-matched in the genome of K. apiculata compared with that of H. uvarum or H. vineae, and these sequences might have resulted from evolutionary variations.
Highlights
K. apiculata is the anamorphic state of H. uvarum
The mitochondrial sequence of H. uvarum was used as a BLAST query against the genome sequence (41 scaffolds) of K. apiculata 34-9
The results showed that it strongly matched scaffold 27; scaffold 27 represents the mitochondrial sequence of K. apiculata 34-9
Summary
K. apiculata is the anamorphic state of H. uvarum. K. apiculata was reported as having a role in spontaneous wine fermentation [2,3,4,5]. Strain 34-9 was identified as K. apiculata by morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. It is used as a biocontrol agent for citrus fungal diseases such as Penicillium italicum and for strawberries during the pre- and postharvest periods to control Botrytis cinerea [6]. K. apiculata produces 2-phenylethanol, which inhibits Penicillium mould on citrus fruits [7]. The antagonist H. uvarum P-2 was capable of inhibiting the grey mould decay of grape berries with no obvious effect on the postharvest quality of the grapes [8]. In the Kloeckera genus, Kloeckera apis could significantly reduce the conidial germination and mycelial growth of the causal agent of pineapple fusariosis, Fusarium guttiforme [9]
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