The Shape of Slide Surface of Gravity Retaining Walls Construction on Sand by Small Scale Sinusoidal Dynamic Load Tests

Abstract

The shape of slide surface of retaining wall construction with the gravity-type on soil layer of sand with a sinusoidal dynamic loading is influenced by several dynamic parameters, including: (1) the frequency of vibration, (2) the density of sand soil, (3) deviation and (4) the dynamic acceleration. This research aims to explore the role of dynamic parameters to shape of landslide of retaining wall construction due to dynamic load sinusoidal by small-scale testing in the laboratory. The retaining wall was modeled in the glass box of 2 meters in length, 0.4 meter in width and 1 meter in height. This models used gravity types retaing wall which was made of concrete and was placed on dry sand. The model was examined using dry sand material of loose sand density (ρd = 1.4184 gr/cm3), medium sand density (ρd = 1.5816 gr/cm3) and dense sand density (ρd = 1.6784 gr/cm3). The model was vibrated using shaking tables with a given variation on sinusoidal loads and was recorded using accelerometer. The displacement of granular soil in a particular point was also monitored during vibration. The results show that there is the difference in the maximum vibration acceleration response generated due to differences in the frequency of vibration. The differences in deviation lead to differences of shape of slipe surface areas. The density of sand also affects the width of the slip surface.