The Serological and Virological Investigation of Canine Adenovirus Infection on the Dogs

Oya Bulut,Orhan Yapici,Atilla Simsek,Sibel Yavru,Nuri Mamak,Mehmet Kale,Sibel Hasircioglu,Oguzhan Avci,Irmak Dik,Kamil Atli

doi:10.1155/2013/587024

Abstract

Two types of Canine Adenovirus (CAVs), Canine Adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1), the virus which causes infectious canine hepatitis, and Canine Adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), which causes canine infectious laryngotracheitis, have been found in dogs. In this study, blood samples taken from 111 dogs, which were admitted to the Internal Medicine Clinic of Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, with clinical symptoms. Seventy-seven dogs were sampled from Isparta and Burdur dog shelters by random sampling, regardless of the clinical findings. Dogs showed a systemic disease, characterized by fever, diarrhea, vomiting, oculonasal discharge, conjunctivitis, severe moist cough, signs of pulmonary disease and dehydration. Two dogs had corneal opacity and photophobia. In serological studies, 188 serum samples were investigated on the presence of CAV antibodies by ELISA. Total 103 (103/188–54.7%) blood samples were detected to be positive for CAV antibodies by ELISA. However, 85 (85/188–45.2%) blood samples were negative. Blood leukocyte samples from dogs were processed and inoculated onto confluent monolayers of MDCK cells using standard virological techniques. After third passage, cells were examined by direct immunoflourescence test for virus isolation. But positive result was not detected. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrates the high prevalence of CAV infection in dogs.

Highlights

Canine adenovirus (CAV) can be grouped into two distinct but related serotypes, Canine Adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) and Canine Adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), based on serological tests [1] and molecular analyses [2,3,4]
Of the 108 female animals sampled in the study, 55 (50.9%) were determined to be positive for CAV antibodies, while 48 (60%) of the sampled 80 male animals were confirmed to be positive (Table 3)
Despite the frequent occurrence of Canine Adenovirus worldwide, in Turkey, the only notified cases of Canine Adenovirus (CAV) infection are those reported by Okuyan [18] and Gur and Acar [16]

Summary

Introduction

Canine adenovirus (CAV) can be grouped into two distinct but related serotypes, CAV-1 and CAV-2, based on serological tests [1] and molecular analyses [2,3,4]. Two types of Canine adenovirus (CAVs), Canine Adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1), the virus which causes infectious canine hepatitis, and Canine Adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), which causes canine infectious laryngotracheitis, have been found in dogs [5]. CAV-1 replicates in vascular endothelial cells and causes a generalized infection characterized by hepatitis [7], whereas CAV-2 has an affinity for respiratory tract epithelium and is mainly associated with outbreaks of respiratory disease in kenneled dogs [8]. Confirmation of diagnosis and identification of CAV-1 and CAV-2 infections are usually based on virus isolation, electron-microscopic observation and serological tests [14].

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