Abstract
The apple orchard populations of acariphagous (Stethorus punctillum Weise, Chrysopa carnea Steph, and mite-predators Amblyseius andersoni Chan, Metaseilus occidentalis Nesbit and Neoseiulus californicus Mc Gregor), which were at least 25 years under pesticide treatment, were studied. Our studies show that for these populations the least toxic pesticide is Avaunt, EC, Talstar 10 EC, Omite 30 WP, Confidor 200 SL and the most toxic pesticide is Vertimec 018 EC, Dursban 480 EC for both entomophagous. BI-58 New is slightly toxic for the larvae of C. carnea and highly toxic for N. californicus in laboratory culture. The orchard populations of acariphagous develop resistance to BI-58 New, Dursban 480 EC and Decis f-Luxx 025 EC, in the conditions of the prolong pesticide treatment. The discovery of natural populations of entomophagous resistant to pesticides is of high importance due to its potential practical use.
Highlights
The efficiency of an integrated crop protection system for pests is wholly dependent on how the effect of pesticides is correlated with beneficial fauna
The degree of increased predators mobility in search of the host leads to advanced absorption of pesticides, which leads to increased mortality
In conclusion — the use of total pesticides should be abandoned, in favor of those which are tolerant to predators and parasites, in order to preserve the useful fauna in agrocoenoses
Summary
The efficiency of an integrated crop protection system for pests is wholly dependent on how the effect of pesticides is correlated with beneficial fauna. The use of pesticides, which would tolerate the “activity” of useful fauna, is an element of conservative biological control that in turn leads to the numerical reduction of chemical treatments necessary to keep pests below the economic threshold of damage. Another important aspect, which improves the coexistence of useful fauna during chemical treatments, is the development of the resistance of the populations of entomophagous and predators to pesticides, which have been reported in scientific communications lately. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of entomoacariphagous to insectoacaricides (IA), with different mechanisms of action, in apple orchard agrocoenosis
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