Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and fluorine-19 (19F) MRI produce images which allow for quantification of labeled cells. MPI is an emerging instrument for cell tracking, which is expected to have superior sensitivity compared to 19F MRI. Our objective is to assess the cellular sensitivity of MPI and 19F MRI for detection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and breast cancer cells. Cells were labeled with ferucarbotran or perfluoropolyether, for imaging on a preclinical MPI system or 3 Tesla clinical MRI, respectively. Using the same imaging time, as few as 4000 MSC (76 ng iron) and 8000 breast cancer cells (74 ng iron) were reliably detected with MPI, and 256,000 MSC (9.01 × 1016 19F atoms) were detected with 19F MRI, with SNR > 5. MPI has the potential to be more sensitive than 19F MRI for cell tracking. In vivo sensitivity with MPI and 19F MRI was evaluated by imaging MSC that were administered by different routes. In vivo imaging revealed reduced sensitivity compared to ex vivo cell pellets of the same cell number. We attribute reduced MPI and 19F MRI cell detection in vivo to the effect of cell dispersion among other factors, which are described.
Highlights
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) produce images which allow for quantification of labeled cells
We evaluate the sensitivity of preclinical MPI and 19F MRI on a clinical system for imaging of two cell types: mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and breast cancer cells
The field-free region (FFR) is traversed across the imaging field of view and the change in superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) magnetization is detected by a receive coil
Summary
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and fluorine-19 (19F) MRI produce images which allow for quantification of labeled cells. Our objective is to assess the cellular sensitivity of MPI and 19F MRI for detection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and breast cancer cells. MPI and Fluorine-19 (19F) MRI are advantageous as they provide positive image contrast with quantifiable signal, without the use of ionizing radiation. This allows for specific and longitudinal tracking of cells and linear cell quantification. We evaluate the sensitivity of preclinical MPI and 19F MRI on a clinical system for imaging of two cell types: mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and breast cancer cells. For cell tracking of MSC and cancer cells, imaging quantification is necessary, and so is the detection of few cells (high cellular sensitivity). The resulting image has positive contrast, and the signal is directly related to the amount of SPION and cell number
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