Abstract

Abstract Most Korean dialects have only one set of suffixes, -i, -hi, -li, -ki, as causative suffixes where the main vowel is i. On the other hand, Andong dialects of Korean have two sets of causative suffixes; while one set (-Ci) consists of -ˈi, -ˈhi, -ˈli, -ˈki, etc., the other set (-Cii) contains -íi, -híi, -líi, -kíi, etc. This article proposes that the choice between -Ci and -Cii in Andong dialect depends on the degree of causer’s agentivity. -Ci indicates causation characterized by the full agentivity of the causer. On the other hand, -Cii indicates that the degree of causer’s agentivity is relatively low.

Highlights

  • Gyeongbuk dialects of Korean have more causative suffixes in comparison to other dialects, including Standard Korean

  • As is well-known, Standard Korean has two groups of causative suffixes; i.e., one group consists of -i, -hi, -li, -ki, and the other group consists of -wu, -kwu, -chwu (Koo et al 2015: 149)

  • When the causing event occurs because the causer does not do anything rather than to do something, the double-form suffix -Cii is used in Andong dialect, as shown in (11)

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Summary

Introduction

Gyeongbuk dialects of Korean have more causative suffixes in comparison to other dialects, including Standard Korean. In Andong dialect, two distinct suffixes, -ˈhy (-Ci) (allomorph of -ˈhi) as in (2a) and -héyey (-Cii) as in (2b), are used. This should be contrasted with the fact that only one identical suffix -hi is used in Standard Korean (1a, b). The functions of the suffixes -i/hi/li/ki in Standard Korean are expressed by one group of suffixes like -ˈi/ˈhi/ˈli/ˈki in some cases and by another group of suffixes like -éyey/héyey/léyey/kéyey in others in Andong dialect.

Causative suffixes
Correspondence between causative suffixes and causative situations
Basic correspondence
Direct causative
Assistive sociative causative
Supervision sociative causative
Nontypical direct causative
Permissive direct causative
Pseudo-causative
Causative suffixes for vowel stems
Analysis
Causatives marked with either -Ci or -Cii
Causative suffixes for consonant and vowel stems
Typological analysis
Conclusion

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