The Self-Management Assessment Scale: Development and psychometric testing of a screening instrument for person-centred guidance and self-management support.

Ulrika Öberg,Ulf Isaksson,Åsa Hörnsten

doi:10.1002/nop2.233

Abstract

AimTo develop and psychometrically test the Self‐Management Assessment Scale (SMASc), a screening instrument for person‐centred guidance and self‐management support of persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D).BackgroundT2D is a common and globally increasing chronic condition. Improved self‐management is a vital and integral component of diabetes care to prevent complications from poorly managed diabetes. For diabetes nurses to better understand persons with diabetes experienced challenges and needs regarding self‐management and further for persons with T2D to take an active role in managing their condition, an instrument measuring this is needed.DesignInstrument development and psychometric testing of the content and construct validity, factor structure and reliability.MethodThe SMASc was psychometric tested on a sample of participants (September 2017–November 2017) with a confirmed diagnosis of T2D (N = 104).ResultsPsychometric findings were satisfactory and supported the scale´s reliability. Cronbach's alpha, CVI and goodness‐of‐fit were acceptable.ConclusionSelf‐Management Assessment Scale is a short validated screening instrument, which can indicate possible barriers for self‐management that ought to be approached during the conversation between the person with T2D and the primary healthcare nurses. Therefore, it is a promising instrument to be used to facilitate person‐centred guidance and to improve self‐management of people living with T2D.

Highlights

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a progressive chronic condition presenting with hyperglycaemia (ADA, 2015), and its prevalence is increasing globally (Ogurtsova et al, 2017)
The emphasis of treatment is on self‐management support and education, which is recognized as an important component for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and aims at especially controlling blood glucose and postponing severe disease complications (Inzucchi et al, 2015; Powers et al, 2015)
The content validity of the Self‐Management Assessment Scale (SMASc) is supported by the fact that it was derived from our previous theoretically based work in illness integration, patient perspectives on self‐management and person‐centred care in T2D

Summary

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a progressive chronic condition presenting with hyperglycaemia (ADA, 2015), and its prevalence is increasing globally (Ogurtsova et al, 2017). Society worldwide as well as in Sweden faces dramatic challenges with a changed composition of the population (WHO, 2015), imply‐ ing an increased amount of older (Statistics Sweden, 2017; WHO, 2015), chronically ill and multi diseased people. Meeting their care needs poses important economic and social challenges (Alwan, Armstrong, Cowan, & Riley, 2011; National Board of Health & Welfare, 2016; WHO, 2013; WHO, 2015; WHO, 2016). T2D can lead to severe complications such as cardiovascular disease and neu‐ ropathy (ADA, 2016)

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