Abstract
The unfavorable health consequences of prolonged time spent sedentary (stationary) make accurate assessment in the general population important. However, for many existing questionnaires, validity for identifying stationary time has not been shown or has shown low validity. This study aimed to assess the concurrent and convergent validity of the GIH stationary single-item question (SED-GIH). Data were obtained in 2013 and 2014 from two Swedish cohorts. A total of 711 men and women provided valid accelerometer data (Actigraph GT3X+) and were included for concurrent validity analyses. A total of 560 individuals answered three additional commonly used sedentary questions, and were included for convergent validity analysis. The SED-GIH displayed a significant correlation with total stationary time (rs = 0.48) and time in prolonged stationary time (rs = 0.44). The ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.72 for identifying individuals with stationary time over 600 min/day. The SED-GIH correlated significantly with other previously used questions (r = 0.72–0.89). The SED-GIH single-item question showed a relatively high agreement with device-assessed stationary behavior and was able to identify individuals with high levels of stationary time. Thus, the SED-GIH may be used to assess total and prolonged stationary time. This has important implications, as simple assessment tools of this behavior are needed in public health practice and research.
Highlights
Sedentary behavior (SED), even after adjustment for physical activity (PA) level, has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and some forms of cancer [1,2], as well as total and cardiovascular mortality [2,3,4]
The convergent validity sample consisted of 560 individuals, 66% women, with a mean age of 48 ± 12 years, with men being older than women, 50 ± 12 years vs. 47 ± 12 years (p = 0.006)
Men reported more stationary behavior according to both the SED-GIH question and the three additional questions compared to women, and spent more time stationary according to the accelerometer assessment (Table 1)
Summary
Sedentary behavior (SED), even after adjustment for physical activity (PA) level, has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and some forms of cancer [1,2], as well as total and cardiovascular mortality [2,3,4]. Reducing total time spent being sedentary, as well as breaking up prolonged sedentary periods, is important to counteract some of the negative effects of the cardiometabolic risks of sedentary behavior [5,6,7,8]. With the development of new assessment tools such as accelerometry, for approximating physical activity patterns, the definitions of sedentary behavior have gradually changed. Most existing questionnaires used for PA assessment identify individuals’ self-reported physical inactivity. Public Health 2019, 16, 4766; doi:10.3390/ijerph16234766 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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