The secondary prevention effect and influence on serum sIgG4, IL-27 and IL-33 levels of subcutaneous immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis and cough variant asthma

Abstract

Objective:To observe the secondary prevention efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis（AR） and cough variant asthma（CVA） and to analyze its effect on the levels of serum sIgG4, IL-27 and IL-33. Method:The clinical data of 112 children aged 5-12 years with AR and CVA were retrospectively analyzed and divided into control group（52 cases） and SCIT group（60 cases）. The patients were followed up for 3 years. The control group was received symptomatic treatment only, and the SCIT group was received SCIT on the basis of the control group. The numbers of cases of the two groups of children who produced new allergens and developed CA were analyze during the 3-year treatment. Changes in serum sIgG4, IL-27, IL-33 levels, TNSS, DCSS, NCSS, TRMS, TCMS, VAS score, and FEV1% before and after treatment were analyzed. Result:During the treatment, 4 patients（6.67%） in the SCIT group produced the new allergen, and 20 patients（38.46%） in the control group（χ²=16.73, P<0.05）. There were only 3 cases（5.00%） in the SCIT group, which developed into CA, while 15 cases（28.85%） in the control group. The difference between the groups was statistically significant（χ²=11.74, P<0.05）. Compared with baseline, serum levels of sIgG4 and IL-27 in both groups were significantly increased after 3 years of treatment（P<0.05）, while serum levels of IL-33 were significantly decreased（P<0.05）. After 3 years of treatment, serum levels of sIgG4 and IL-27 in the SCIT group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and serum levels of IL-33 were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）. Compared with baseline, TNSS, DCSS, NCSS, TRMS, TCMS, VAS, and FEV1% in both groups were significantly improved at 1, 2, and 3 years of treatment（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in TNSS, DCSS, NCSS, TRMS, TCMS, VAS and FEV1% between the two groups at baseline（P>0.05）, while after 1, 2 and 3 years of treatment the above indicators in the SCIT group were significantly better than those in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion:SCIT treatment can prevent AR with CVA patients from producing new allergens and developing into CA, and improve serum sIgG4 and IL-27 and IL-33 levels.