Abstract
BackgroundSexual orientation and gender identity and expression change efforts (SOGIECE) are a set of scientifically discredited practices that aim to deny and suppress the sexual orientations, gender identities, and/or gender expressions of sexual and gender minorities (SGM). SOGIECE are associated with significant adverse health and social outcomes. SOGIECE continue to be practiced around the world, despite denouncements from professional bodies and survivors, as well as calls for legislative advocacy to prohibit SOGIECE and protect SGM. There are substantial gaps in the availability of consolidated international research to support and refine legislative proposals related to SOGIECE, including those currently underway to enforce bans in Canada and elsewhere.We therefore propose the first systematic review of international data on SOGIECE that will outline the scope and nature of these practices worldwide. Specifically, we aim to estimate how many SGM have been exposed to SOGIECE, which sub-groups of SGM experience higher rates of SOGIECE, and how estimates of SOGIECE vary over time and place. In addition, we aim to describe when, where, how, and under what circumstances SGM are exposed to SOGIECE.MethodsTo locate an interdisciplinary swath of papers, nine (9) bibliographic databases will be searched: Medline (OVID), Embase (OVID), PsycInfo and Social Work s via EBSCO, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, LGBTQ+ Source, and Proquest Dissertations & Theses Global and Sociology Collection (ProQuest). A gold standard search will be developed for Medline and adapted to the other databases. Grey literature will be searched at relevant websites, and reference harvesting will be performed in relevant SOGIECE scientific consensus statements. Two authors will independently screen abstracts/titles, screen full texts, abstract data, and apply risk of bias assessments. A narrative synthesis will be implemented to summarize findings.DiscussionThis review will address the gap in synthesized data regarding the prevalence of SOGIECE, social correlates of SOGIECE, variations of SOGIECE over time and place, and the circumstances, settings, and time-points of SOGIECE exposure. Findings from this review will directly inform ongoing and new legislative efforts to ban SOGIECE and other interventions that aim to stem SOGIECE practices and support SOGIECE survivors.Systematic review registrationRegistration with PROSPERO can be found under the registration number: CRD42020196393.
Highlights
What are conversion therapy and SOGIECE? “Conversion therapy,” sometimes referred to as “reparative therapy,” “reintegrative therapy,” or “reorientation therapy,” refers to a set of pseudo-scientific, discredited practices that aim to deny and suppress the sexual orientations, gender identities, and/or gender expressions of sexual and gender minorities1 (SGM)
To capture the breadth of conversion therapy-related practices, such as a youth speaking to a counsellor who provides advice on repressing sexual attraction, a physician prescribing medication to suppress sex drive, or intentional delay of gender non-affirming care to a transgender or non-binary person, this project uses the phrase sexual orientation and gender identity and expression change efforts (SOGIECE) [2]
Despite the increasing marginalization of professional-conducted SOGIECE in recent years, for gender identity and expression change efforts, many healthcare professionals lack training and support to deliver gender-affirming care and may seek ways to deter their patients from transitioning from the gender aligned with their sex assigned at birth [6,7,8,9,10,11]
Summary
Background and rationale What are conversion therapy and SOGIECE? “Conversion therapy,” sometimes referred to as “reparative therapy,” “reintegrative therapy,” or “reorientation therapy,” refers to a set of pseudo-scientific, discredited practices that aim to deny and suppress the sexual orientations, gender identities, and/or gender expressions of sexual and gender minorities (SGM). To capture the breadth of conversion therapy-related practices, such as a youth speaking to a counsellor who provides advice on repressing sexual attraction, a physician prescribing medication to suppress sex drive, or intentional delay of gender non-affirming care to a transgender (trans) or non-binary person, this project uses the phrase sexual orientation and gender identity and expression change efforts (SOGIECE) [2]. This definition includes, but is not limited to, more formal practices of conversion therapy. We aim to describe when, where, how, and under what circumstances SGM are exposed to SOGIECE
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