The science of hydroxy acids: mechanisms of action, types and cosmetic applications

Abstract

Several studies have supported the use of hydroxy acids such as malic and citric acid in anti-ageing skin care and cosmeceutical formulations. Although first-generation hydroxy acids have been around since 1974, new hydroxyacids with additional benefits that help to support skin barrier function have grown in popularity. There are four different types of hydroxy acid, including polyhydroxy acids (PHAs), beta hydroxy acids (BHAs), aldobionic HAs (BAs) and aromatic hydroxy acids (AMAs) ( Draelos, 2011 ). This article will explore the differences between several types of hydroxy acids and their cosmetic applications. The author will also outline the essential formulation considerations with these ingredients.