Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally. Although measures to control SARS-CoV-2, namely, vaccination, medication, and chemical disinfectants are being investigated, there is an increase in the demand for auxiliary antiviral approaches using natural compounds. Here we have focused on hydroxytyrosol (HT)-rich aqueous olive pulp extract (HIDROX®) and evaluated its SARS-CoV-2-inactivating activity in vitro. We showed that the HIDROX solution exhibits time- and concentration-dependent SARS-CoV-2-inactivating activities, and that HIDROX has more potent virucidal activity than pure HT. The evaluation of the mechanism of action suggested that both HIDROX and HT induced structural changes in SARS-CoV-2, which changed the molecular weight of the spike proteins. Even though the spike protein is highly glycosylated, this change was induced regardless of the glycosylation status. In addition, HIDROX or HT treatment disrupted the viral genome. Moreover, the HIDROX-containing cream applied on film showed time- and concentration-dependent SARS-CoV-2-inactivating activities. Thus, the HIDROX-containing cream can be applied topically as an antiviral hand cream. Our findings suggest that HIDROX contributes to improving SARS-CoV-2 control measures.
Highlights
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China in December 2019 [1], and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by this virus was declared a pandemic
More than 60 COVID-19 candidate vaccines are in the clinical trial phase and >170 are in the preclinical phase as of January 2021 [3]
Many candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 have been discovered, and drugs such as remdesivir and corticosteroid have been reported to be therapeutically efficient in some clinical trials [4,5,6,7]
Summary
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China in December 2019 [1], and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by this virus was declared a pandemic. Since this highly contagious virus has caused a high number of deaths [2], attempts to establish infection control measures are being made globally. Many candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 have been discovered, and drugs such as remdesivir and corticosteroid have been reported to be therapeutically efficient in some clinical trials [4,5,6,7]. Further studies are needed for establishing effective treatment protocols
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