Abstract
Neural induction is a developmental process that allows cells from the ectoderm (the target tissue) to acquire a neural fate in response to signals coming from a specific adjacent embryonic region, the dorsal mesoderm (the inducing tissue). This process described in 1924 in amphibian embryos has not received a molecular explanation until the mid-1990s. Most of the work on neural induction has been carried out in amphibians. At these times, although the role played by the membrane of the target tissue had been suggested, no definitive work had been performed on the transduction of the neuralizing signal. Between 1990 and 2019 our aim was to decipher this transduction. We have underlined the necessary and sufficient role played by calcium signaling to induce ectoderm cells towards a neural fate from the activation of calcium channels to the direct transcription of early neural genes by calcium.
Highlights
Leclerc C, Daguzan C, Nicolas M, et al L-type calcium channel activation controls the in vivo transduction of the neuralizing signal in the amphibian embryos
Éditeur : EDP Sciences m/s n° 11, vol 36, novembre 2020
Summary
Sur des calottes animales, tous les agents pharmacologiques augmentant la concentration intracellulaire de Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), que ce soient les dihydropyridines agonistes des canaux L, comme le BayK8644, ou les composés permettant une libération de Ca2+ interne, comme la caféine ou la ryanodine, déclenchaient l’induction neurale, ce qui se traduisait en culture par la différenciation de neurones et de cellules gliales. Par des techniques d’imagerie utilisant l’æquorine4 [25], nous avons visualisé, in vivo, et en temps réel pendant la gastrulation, les variations spontanées de concentration de Ca2+ dans chaque cellule de l’ectoderme. Dans l’ectoderme dorsal, cette signalisation est déterminante : l’induction neurale est en effet bloquée en présence d’un chélateur intracellulaire de Ca2+, le BAPTA-AM, ou en présence d’un inhibiteur spécifique des canaux Ca2+ de type L [26].
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