Abstract
Green primary explosives have gained wide attention for environmental protection. A potential novel lead-free primary explosive, Al/Fe2O3/RDX hybrid nanocomposite was prepared by ultrasonic mixing, and its safety properties are discussed in detail. Results showed that their sensitivity and safety properties were a function of the specific surface area and proportions of their ingredients. Their impact sensitivity fell and their static discharge, flame, and hot bridge wire sensitivities rose as the specific surface area of nano-Fe2O3 increased. As the amount of Al/Fe2O3 nanothermite was increased, its impact sensitivity fell and its flame sensitivity rose; their static discharge and hot bridge wire sensitivities, however, followed an inverted “U” type change trend and were determined by both the particle size of the ingredients and the resistance of the nanocomposite. Their firing properties in an electric detonator depended on the proportion of the constituents. Thus, green nanoscale primary explosives are appropriate for a range of initiatory applications and can be created by adjusting their specific surface area and the amount of their constituents.
Highlights
Initiating explosives are sensitive explosives widely used in military munitions and civilian applications that deflagrate or detonate with low external stimuli, e.g., a flame, pinprick, friction, static discharge, or moderate heat, and release enough energy to initiate other explosives
The static discharge sensitivity of Al/Fe2 O3 /RDX nanocomposites was measured at voltage (V50 ) and firing energy (E50 ) at 50% firing when the samples were put between two electrodes
“U” type change trend for the static discharge sensitivity of the nanocomposites was the result of specific surface area, causing moresizes static discharges toofaccumulate on the surfaces of the sample, which the interaction of the particle and the resistance their ingredients
Summary
Initiating explosives are sensitive explosives widely used in military munitions and civilian applications that deflagrate or detonate with low external stimuli, e.g., a flame, pinprick, friction, static discharge, or moderate heat, and release enough energy to initiate other explosives. In the past decade some nano-energetic materials (for example, metastable intermolecular composites, MIC), with the potential to be used as primary explosives, have excited great interest from military experts [14,15] Due to their remarkable ignition and energy release properties, one of the nano-energetic materials, nanothermite, has been gaining increasing attention from researchers in the fields of propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics [16,17,18,19,20]. Some studies of hybrid nanocomposites have been conducted [21,22,23], and their combustion characteristics show that they could cause a rapid deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) that can be accelerated to the primary explosive level [22] and used to initiate the detonation of a high explosive [23] Their preparation, by mixing, is simple and generates no pollutants. The safety properties of Al/Fe2 O3 /RDX hybrid nanocomposites, a novel lead-free nanoscale initiatory compound prepared by mixing Al/Fe2 O3 nanothermite with RDX, are studied in detail
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