The Safety and Therapeutic Effectiveness of Universal Donor Frozen RBC, Frozen Platelets and Frozen Plasma Stored at - -80℃ in Mechanical Freezers to Treat Wounded Casualties

Valeri C.R

doi:10.23937/2469-5777/1510008

Abstract

For the past 15 years, the Netherlands military have utilized universal donor RBC, platelets and plasma all frozen and stored at -80C in a mechanical freezer to treat wounded casualties with excellent clinical results and without adverse events.

Highlights

Human RBC treated with 40% W/V glycerol with the removal of the supernatant glycerol prior to freezing at -80°C for 10 years, thawed, deglycerolized, using the Haemonetics Blood Processor ACP215 instrument and stored in AS-3 at 4°C for 2 weeks; single donor group O leukoreduced platelets treated with 6% DMSO, concentrated to remove the supernatant DMSO prior to freezing of the platelets in a -80°C mechanical freezer for at least 2 years, thawed, diluted with 0.9% NaCl and stored at room temperature for 6 hours and group AB plasma frozen at -80°C for at least 10 years, thawed and stored at 4°C for 24 hours are available to treat wounded casualties
The Netherland military in combat zones in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Bosnia has reported significant improvement in the survival from 44% to 84% for wounded casualties who required more than 10 units of red blood cells in a 24 hour period transfused with frozen blood products at the ratio of 4 units of frozen group O red blood cells, 3 units of frozen AB plasma, and one unit of single donor group O leukoreduced 2.5 - 3.0 X 1011 platelets treated with 5% DMSO, the supernatant DMSO removed prior o freezing at -80°C, thawed, diluted and resuspended in a unit of AB plasma and stored at room temperature for 6 hours with no adverse effects
Frozen blood products consisting of RBC, platelets, and plasma can be transported using dry ice in insulated containers which maintain the temperature of -65°C to -80°C as documented by the experience of the U.S Navy during the Vietnam War in 1968 to 1974 and the Netherlands military in the Middle East combat zones in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Bosnia in 2000 to 2012

Summary

Introduction

The Netherland military in combat zones in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Bosnia has reported significant improvement in the survival from 44% to 84% for wounded casualties who required more than 10 units of red blood cells in a 24 hour period transfused with frozen blood products at the ratio of 4 units of frozen group O red blood cells, 3 units of frozen AB plasma, and one unit of single donor group O leukoreduced 2.5 - 3.0 X 1011 platelets treated with 5% DMSO, the supernatant DMSO removed prior o freezing at -80°C, thawed, diluted and resuspended in a unit of AB plasma and stored at room temperature for 6 hours with no adverse effects. The deglycerolized RBC are stored at 4°C in the additive solution AS-3 for 14 days, the thawed AB plasma stored at 4°C for 7 days, and the thawed single donor leukoreduced platelets containing 2.5 to 3.0 X 1011 platelets in AB plasma stored at room temperature for 6 hours

International Library

Findings

The Survival and Function of Preserved Red Cells and Platelets