Abstract
Saccades are rapid ballistic eye movements that humans make to direct the fovea to an object of interest. Their kinematics is well defined, showing regular relationships between amplitude, duration, and velocity: the saccadic ’main sequence’. Deviations of eye movements from the main sequence can be used as markers of specific neurological disorders. Despite its significance, there is no general methodological consensus for reliable and repeatable measurements of the main sequence. In this work, we propose a novel approach for standard indicators of oculomotor performance. The obtained measurements are characterized by high repeatability, allowing for fine assessments of inter- and intra-subject variability, and inter-ocular differences. The designed experimental procedure is natural and non-fatiguing, thus it is well suited for fragile or non-collaborative subjects like neurological patients and infants. The method has been released as a software toolbox for public use. This framework lays the foundation for a normative dataset of healthy oculomotor performance for the assessment of oculomotor dysfunctions.
Highlights
When scanning the surrounding environment, human eyes make two to three fixations per second and move very quickly between each fixation with a saccadic eye movement
Since the very beginning of eye movement research, the kinematics of eye movements has been investigated with a variety of measurement techniques: suction contact lenses (Yarbus, 1967), scleral search coils (Robinson, 1964; Fuchs, 1967), electro-oculography (Becker & Fuchs, 1969; Baloh et al, 1975), limbus tracking (Stark et al, 1962; Bahill et al, 1975)
The results clearly show that for the SLOPE, line equation (LINE) and cubic equation (CUBIC), and for the POWER LAW and LOG-LOG models, the estimated model is highly affected by the range considered
Summary
When scanning the surrounding environment, human eyes make two to three fixations per second and move very quickly between each fixation with a saccadic eye movement. All researchers agreed that eye-movement patterns are highly stereotyped: the duration and peak velocity of the saccades increase as the magnitude of the saccades increases (Yarbus, 1967; Robinson, 1964; Fuchs, 1967; Bahill et al, 1975). The main sequence has been proven a simple and powerful tool to investigate eye movements (see Leigh & Kennard, 2004; Ramat et al, (2006) as review).
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