Abstract
AbstractA study has been made of the disposition of carbon‐black particles in the tear and fracture surfaces of various filled rubbers by replica electron microscopy. The surfaces are characterized by two parameters, viz., the proportion of the surface area occupied by filler, and the proportion occupied by particles extracted from the rubber by the gelatine first‐stage replica. Values obtained for the former quantity indicate that the rupture path departs strongly from a random plane through the material. The second quantity is a measure of filler‐to‐rubber adhesion, which is found to depend upon the nature of the filler‐rubber interface and is related to the energy required to produce rupture. Simple physical mechanisms are proposed to explain the observed influence of filler upon rupture propagation.
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