Abstract
This study reports and discusses new radiometric ages, petrographical and volcanological observations and whole rock geochemical data of the rocks of the Rudnik Mts. volcano-intrusive complex. The complex hosts a Pb-Zn-Ag deposit and belongs to the Serbo-Macedonian metallogenetic belt. Two distinct igneous events are distignuished. The first occurred >30 Ma and was mainly characterized by extrusive and shallow intrusive dacites and andesites and was unrelated to mineralization. The second igneous event occurred <23 Ma and was highly heterogeneous in terms of volcanic products and petrographic varieties, but with predominance of quartzlatites. The dacite-andesites (first event) and the quartzlatites (second event) are geochemically similar and display a calc-alkaline affinity and highly incompatible element enriched patterns on spider diagrams, but the younger quartzlatites are richer in K2O, Rb and Ba and poorer in Sr. This is taken as evidence that mixing between an ultrapotassic lamprophyre/lamproite magma and an acid calc-alkaline (dacite-like) magma was essential petrogenetic processes during the second event. The proposed simplified volcanological model suggests that this mixing was responsible for triggering strongly explosive volcanic activity as well as for providing conditions for active hydrothermal and mineralization processes. The observed link between a specific magmatic phase and ore deposit formation can be a general phennomenon in the Balkans, and must be addressed by further and more advanced studies.
Highlights
The Balkan sector of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt is probably one of the best regions to study the relationship between magmatism and the formation of ore deposits
The following volcanic facies comprise the wider area of the Rudnik Mts. volcano-intrusive complex: 1) extrusive and shallow intrusive dacite and andesite, 2) extrusive and shallow intrusive quartzlatite, 3) monzogranite, 4) quartzlatiterhyodacite pyroclastic rocks, and 5) basaltoid rocks
In the following text we present the major petrographic and volcanological characteristics of the above listed rock facies that are grouped according to their radiometric age and geochemi stry
Summary
The Balkan sector of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt is probably one of the best regions to study the relationship between magmatism and the formation of ore deposits. The western belt stretches along the main axis of the Balkan Peninsula and is named the Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic (and magmatic) province (JANKOVIĆ, 1966/67, 1984). It is Cenozoic in age and is associated with predominantly Pb-Zn-Ag±Sb±W metallogeny. The Cenozoic Serbo-Macedonian magmatic and metalloge nic province is spatially and temporarily associated with magmatic rocks that have a wide compositional spectrum, from basalts to rhyolites and from tholeiitic to alkaline series (e.g. CVETKOVIĆ et al, 2004; PRELEVIĆ et al, 2005; MLA DENOVIĆ et al, 2015). A plethora of petrographic types and highly variable volcanogenic facies have prevented the researchers from reconstructing the rock petrogenesis in sufficient detail, which was the main prerequisite for better understanding of the link between magmatism and mineralization
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