Abstract
Subspecialty fellowship training in anesthesia undertaken after the completion of residency offers multiple benefits to the profession and to society. Fellowships offer focused teaching in knowledge domains and technical skills that are supplementary and complementary to those taught during residency. In addition, fellows provide academic contributions to their departments, their hospitals, and the profession. Completion of a Canadian fellowship in anesthesia is sometimes awarded with a diploma from a university or hospital, but traditionally this investment in training has not been recognized by an accredited national certifying body. There is an opportunity for that to change. In 2011, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) launched its Area of Focused Competence (AFC) diploma certification in subspecialties. This certification program is intended to provide, among other things, recognition to physicians who have special skills that add to, but do not replace, skills utilized during the practice of a primary specialty. According to the RCPSC,
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