Abstract
Este artículo está dividido en tres partes complementarias. En primer lugar, se realiza un análisis de la introducción y difusión de las ideas marxistas en Portugal para evaluar las dinámicas que llevaron a su territorialización política a través de la creación de la Federación Maximalista Portuguesa.¿ Cómo penetraron estas ideas en el espacio público y a través de qué mecanismos? ¿Se difundieron? En segundo lugar, se estudian los contenidos del periódico A Bandeira Vermelha para evaluar su papel en esta difusión y su importancia para el posterior proceso de establecimiento del Partido Comunista Português.¿Cuáles fueron las principales ideas difundidas por los maximalistas y cuál fue su impacto en la difusión del marxismo? Para finalizar, el artículo sitúa en perspectiva la importancia de los periódicos O Comunista y Avante! en la difusión de las ideas marxistas y su impacto en el complejo y largo proceso de bolshevización del PCP.
Highlights
Little was known about Marxist ideas in Portugal
How did these ideas penetrate into the public space and which mechanisms led to their diffusion from the intellectual circles? Secondly, the contents of the newspaper A Bandeira Vermelha are analysed to assess its role in this dissemination and its importance in the subsequent process of the establishment of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) in 1921
What were the main ideas disseminated by the maximalists’ official propaganda body and what was its impact on the spreading of Marxism? this article puts into perspective the importance of the newspapers O Comunista and Avante! in the dissemination of Marxist ideas and their impact on the complex and lengthy process of the PCP’s Bolshevisation
Summary
Little was known about Marxist ideas in Portugal. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, only the meaning of the «revolution taken to its maximum» was known. Most of the studies analysed and compared in this article identify the 1917 Russian revolution as a turning point, given that it created a certain need, in Portugal, of a revolutionary force organised as a political party. This force was only waiting for an opportunity to be materialised, insofar as it already demonstrated some social existence. Bento Gonçalves even announces retroactively «a new history» that had opened up for humanity to exalt Russia as «the most alive, epic and exciting example that proletariat will defeat bourgeoisie»4 It is still a peripheral knowledge, centred on the dimension of intellectual discourse. «The Socialist Party did have neither significant social implantation, nor its creative internal dynamics, nor did it, as a left-wing party, have enough «strength» to generate an alternative from within in face of the real workers’ movement», César Oliveira sums up
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