Abstract
RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has important regulatory roles in determining cell fate. The reversible methylation process of adding and removing m6A marks is dynamically regulated by a fine-tuned coordination of many enzymes and binding proteins. Stem cells have self-renewal and pluripotent potential and show broad prospects in regenerative medicine and other fields. Stem cells have also been identified in cancer, which is linked to cancer metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence. Herein, we aimed to review the molecular mechanism that controls the reversible balance of m6A level in stem cells and the effect of m6A modification on the balance between pluripotency and differentiation. Additionally, we also elaborated the association between aberrant m6A modification and the maintenance of cancer stem cells in many cancers. Moreover, we discussed about the clinical implications of m6A modification in cancer stem cells for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Highlights
The definition of stem cells has been constantly revised, the key properties of stem cells are self-renewal and multidifferentiation potency
METTL3 regulated the m6A modification and expression m6A Regulate Stem Cell Fate of AF4/FMR2 family member 4 (AFF4), which bound to the promoter regions and sustained the transcription of SRY-box transcription factor 2 (Sox2) and MYC proto-oncogene (MYC), to promote self-renewal of bladder cancer cancer stem cell (CSC) (Gao et al, 2020)
In oral squamous cell carcinoma, AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) regulated by DEAD-box helicase 3 (DDX3) led to decreased m6A methylation in forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and Nanog homeobox (Nanog), which contributes to increased CSC population (Shriwas et al, 2020)
Summary
The definition of stem cells has been constantly revised, the key properties of stem cells are self-renewal and multidifferentiation potency. The purified RNA are incorporated with photoactivity ribonucleoside analogs, and the data are analyzed after immunoprecipitation and UVinduced cross-linking
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