The roles of pathways in the spinal cord lateral and dorsal funiculi in signaling nociceptive somatic and visceral stimuli in rats

Abstract

The spinothalamic tract (STT) is a major ascending nociceptive pathway, interruption of which by cordotomy is used for pain relief, whereas the dorsal column (DC) pathway is usually not considered to be involved in pain transmission. However, recent clinical studies showed good relief of visceral pain in cancer patients after a DC lesion. Electrophysiological recordings in animals suggest that the analgesic effect is due to interruption of axons ascending from postsynaptic dorsal column (PSDC) neurons located in the vicinity of the central canal. In this behavioral study, we used a decrease in exploratory activity in rats after a noxious stimulus as an indicator of perceived pain, independent of withdrawal reflexes. Intradermal capsaicin injection almost abolished exploratory activity in naı̈ve animals or in rats after a DC lesion, but did not change it in rats after ipsilateral dorsal rhizotomy or a lesion of the lateral funiculus on the side opposite to the injection. In contrast, a bilateral DC lesion counteracted the decrease in exploratory activity induced by noxious visceral stimuli for at least 180 days after the surgery. Although neurons projecting in both the STT and the PSDC path can be activated by noxious stimuli of cutaneous or visceral origin, our results suggest that the STT plays a crucial role in the perception of acute cutaneous pain and that the DC pathway is important for transmission of visceral pain.