Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently one of the primary causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Nanoparticles (NPs) are playing increasingly important roles in regulating stem cell behavior because of their special features, including shape, size, aspect ratio, surface charge, and surface area. In terms of cardiac disease, NPs can facilitate gene delivery in stem cells, track the stem cells in vivo for long-term monitoring, and enhance retention after their transplantation. The advantages of applying NPs in peripheral vascular disease treatments include facilitating stem cell therapy, mimicking the extracellular matrix environment, and utilizing a safe non-viral gene delivery tool. However, the main limitation of NPs is toxicity, which is related to their size, shape, aspect ratio, and surface charge. Currently, there have been many animal models proving NPs’ potential in treating CVD, but no extensive applications of stem-cell therapy using NPs are available in clinical practice. In conclusion, NPs might have significant potential uses in clinical trials of CVD in the future, thereby meeting the changing needs of individual patients worldwide.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the primary causes of mortality and morbidity around the world (GDB 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators, 2018)
According to the latest data, ischemic heart disease remains the primary cause of death among various CVD (Prajnamitra et al, 2019)
This review mainly focuses on the types, physical characteristics, adverse effects of NPs, and the mechanisms by which NPs have improved stem cell-based treatment strategies for cardiovascular regeneration in recent years
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the primary causes of mortality and morbidity around the world (GDB 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators, 2018). According to the latest data, ischemic heart disease remains the primary cause of death among various CVD (Prajnamitra et al, 2019). Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), which is characterized by the narrowing of the peripheral vasculature, has a significant unfavorable impact on the health of patients (Bartolo et al, 2019). The efficacy of stem cells to treat CVD remains controversial. A meta-analysis of 52 preclinical animal studies of MSC therapy for ischemic heart disease showed that it is safe and associated with moderate (∼7.5%), but significant improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction, but the effect of cell therapy on left ventricular ejection fraction decreased slightly after 8-week follow-up (van der Spoel et al, 2011)
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