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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding regulatory RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by either inhibiting protein translation or degrading target mRNAs. The differential expression profiles of miRNAs in different types of cancers and in the multi-step process of tumor progression indicate that miRNAs are involved in tumor onset, growth and progression. Metastasis is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Current evidence demonstrates that aberrant miRNA expression promotes or inhibits tumor metastasis by modulating the expression of numerous target genes. Therefore, the identification of metastasis-related miRNAs and a better understanding of the complex functions of miRNAs in tumor metastasis will provide potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets for clinical application. Here, we review the functions of miRNAs in the control of multiple steps of tumor metastasis.
Highlights
Metastasis remains a major challenge for the clinical management and prognosis of patients with cancer
We focus on the roles of miRNAs in the regulation of tumor metastasis, and
Current evidence demonstrates that miRNAs play critical roles in tumor cell invasion. miR-10b, which promotes cell migration and invasion, has been identified as a metastasis-promoting miRNA in breast cancer [11]
Summary
Metastasis remains a major challenge for the clinical management and prognosis of patients with cancer. The inhibition of miR-362-5p in HCC cells suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo [15]. The restoration of miR-34a/c in breast cancer cell lines inhibits cell migration and invasion in vitro and reduces distal pulmonary metastasis in vivo by directly targeting Fra-1 [16].
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