Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNAs with a length of over 200 nucleotides that do not have protein-coding abilities. Recent studies suggest that lncRNAs are highly involved in physiological functions and diseases. lncRNAs HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1 are transcripts of lncRNA genes HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1, which are antisense lncRNA genes located in the neighborhood regions of the transcription factor (TF) genes HNF1α and HNF4α, respectively. HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1 have been reported to be involved in several important functions in human physiological activities and diseases. In the liver, HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1 regulate the expression and function of several drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes, which also further impact P450-mediated drug metabolism and drug toxicity. In addition, HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1 also play important roles in the tumorigenesis, progression, invasion, and treatment outcome of several cancers. Through interacting with different molecules, including miRNAs and proteins, HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1 can regulate their target genes in several different mechanisms including miRNA sponge, decoy, or scaffold. The purpose of the current review is to summarize the identified functions and mechanisms of HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1 and to discuss the future directions of research of these two lncRNAs.
Highlights
The advancement of next-generation sequencing techniques makes it possible to investigate the human genome in a clearer and more detailed aspect
HNF4αAS1 is able to negatively regulate the expression of pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), P450s, and alterations in the susceptibility of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced toxicity. These results indicate that the Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1 are involved in the normal physiological functions of the liver by regulating the metabolic functions
In addition to HNF1α-AS1 and HNF4α-AS1, several other lncRNAs have been identified in the regulation of expression of drug metabolizing enzyme
Summary
The advancement of next-generation sequencing techniques makes it possible to investigate the human genome in a clearer and more detailed aspect. NcRNAs were believed to have no protein coding function as they do not have protein-coding open-reading frames (ORFs). LncRNAs are found to be highly involved in the regulation of gene expression and functions. This feature of lncRNAs makes them important for many biological and physiological processes in human and other organisms. A huge knowledge gap remains in understanding how lncRNAs can impact on lncRNAs can impact on human health. AS1) are two recently identified lncRNAs in human They and are HNF4α-antisense-1 named based on their genomic are two recently identified. Several special functions and mechanisms of these two lncRNAs have been strand. Several special functions and mechanisms of these two lncRNAs have been found in found in normal physiologic activities and abnormal diseases.
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