Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale membrane-enclosed vesicles 30–150 nm in diameter that are originated from a number of type cells by the endocytic pathway and consist of proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. Although, exosomes were initially considered to be cellular waste, they have gradually been recognized to join in cell-cell communication and cell signal transmission. In addition, exosomal contents can be applied as biomarkers for clinical judgment and exosomes can as potential carriers in a novel drug delivery system. Unfortunately, purification methods of exosomes remain an obstacle. We described some common purification methods and highlight Morpho Menelaus (M. Menelaus) butterfly wings can be developed as efficient methods for exosome isolation. Furthermore, the current research on exosomes mainly focused on their roles in cancer, while related studies on exosomes in the visual and auditory systems are limited. Here we reviewed the biogenesis and contents of exosomes. And more importantly, we summarized the roles of exosomes and provided prospective for exosome research in the visual and auditory systems.
Highlights
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) belong to a class of phospholipid bilayer membrane enclosed vesicles, and they are classified according to their biological origin and size (Shao et al, 2018; van Niel et al, 2018)
Exosomes are vesicle-like bodies with a size of 30–150 nm that are produced by a variety of cells, and they have cup-shaped structures when observed under an electron microscope (Shao et al, 2012)
Exosomes contain abundant proteins and nucleic acids, and they are considered to be a medium for transmitting information between cells
Summary
Pei Jiang1†, Shasha Zhang1†, Cheng Cheng, Song Gao, Mingliang Tang, Ling Lu2* , Guang Yang7* and Renjie Chai * 1,5,8. Reviewed by: Renjun Pei, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics (CAS), China. Exosomal contents can be applied as biomarkers for clinical judgment and exosomes can as potential carriers in a novel drug delivery system. Purification methods of exosomes remain an obstacle. We described some common purification methods and highlight Morpho Menelaus Menelaus) butterfly wings can be developed as efficient methods for exosome isolation. The current research on exosomes mainly focused on their roles in cancer, while related studies on exosomes in the visual and auditory systems are limited. We reviewed the biogenesis and contents of exosomes. We summarized the roles of exosomes and provided prospective for exosome research in the visual and auditory systems
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