Abstract
Auxin plays essential roles in plant normal growth and development. The auxin signaling pathway relies on the auxin gradient within tissues and cells, which is facilitated by both local auxin biosynthesis and polar auxin transport (PAT). The TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS (TAA)/YUCCA (YUC) pathway is the most important and well-characterized pathway that plants deploy to produce auxin. YUCs function as flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO) catalyzing the rate-limiting irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of indole-3-pyruvate acid (IPyA) to form indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The spatiotemporal dynamic expression of different YUC gene members finely tunes the local auxin biosynthesis in plants, which contributes to plant development as well as environmental responses. In this review, the recent advances in the identification, evolution, molecular structures, and functions in plant development and stress response regarding the YUC gene family are addressed.
Highlights
Auxins represent a category of low molecular weight organic acids containing both an aromatic ring and a carboxylic acid side chain within 0.55 Å distance so that the compounds can be bioactive [1]
The TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS (TAA)/YUC pathway stands as the primary endogenous auxin biosynthesis pathway that involves in major biological processes mediated by the activity of auxin, and the conservation of this pathway in the plant kingdom has been functionally checked in many plant species [10,19,20,21,22,23,24]
Since the first functional identification of YUC gene, remarkable progresses have been made in understanding the roles of YUC gene family and the importance of indole-3-pyruvate acid (IPyA) pathway to ensure auxin homeostasis required for normal plant development as well as for responding to environmental stresses
Summary
Auxins represent a category of low molecular weight organic acids containing both an aromatic ring and a carboxylic acid side chain within 0.55 Å distance so that the compounds can be bioactive [1]. AMI1: amidase 1; ANT: anthranilate; ASA1: anthranilate synthase α subunit 1; ASB1: anthranilate synthase β subunit 1; CYP71A13: indoleacetaldoxime dehydratase 71A13; CYP79B: cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 79B; ESM: epithiospecifier modifier; ESP: epithiospecifier; IAA: indole-3-acetic acid; IAAld: indole-3-acetaldehyde; IAM: indole-3-acetamide; IAN: indole-3-acetonitrile; IAOx: indole-3-acetaldoxime; IGP: indole-3-glycerol phosphate; IGs: indole glucosinolates; INS: indole synthase; IPyA: indole-3-pyruvic acid; l-Trp: l-tryptophan; NITs: nitrilase; SUR: S-alkyl-thiohydroximate lyase; TAA1: tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis 1; TARs: tryptophan aminotransferases; TDCs: tryptophan decarboxylases; TGG: myrosinase; TRA: tryptamine; TSA: tryptophan synthase subunit A; TSB: tryptophan synthase subunit B; UGT74B1: UDP-glycosyltransferase 74B1; YUCs: YUCCAs. The TAA/YUC pathway stands as the primary endogenous auxin biosynthesis pathway that involves in major biological processes mediated by the activity of auxin, and the conservation of this pathway in the plant kingdom has been functionally checked in many plant species [10,19,20,21,22,23,24]. We review the recent advances on the YUC gene family; their identification, evolution, molecular structure, and functions in plant development and stress response will be addressed
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